ICANN and Domain Name Coordination
Global coordination helped keep domain names interoperable, while governance remains contested.
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers was formed in 1998 to coordinate parts of the internet's domain-name and numbering systems. It works with registries, registrars, technical bodies, and governments rather than independently controlling every part of internet governance.
Coordination helps a domain name resolve consistently across networks. It does not mean that URLs would otherwise take users to different websites simply because they were in different countries; the more serious risk would be fragmentation among incompatible naming systems.
Without a shared coordinating structure, rival systems might have emerged, or another institution could have taken the role. The exact design of the internet would depend on technical standards, government choices, and network operators.
Behind a simple web address sits a governance system. Its reliability depends on technical competence, transparency, accountability, and representation of people affected by its decisions.
When a digital system appears neutral, what institutions and power relationships make it function for me?